Have wondered that myself. Especially with the Volvo or Cummins engines weighing less than detroits. So the weight difference is actually even more. The new generation seem to have a higher profile, to me. Bow is higher out of the water and overall height is higher. So it may be more fiberglass with these height changes. Still doesn't seem to justify over 10000 lbs.
The older boats had more wood topsides, so that would account for some of the less weight - maybe. I had a lot of dense mahogany on our boat.. But, older hulls, especially Jersey built boats also seemed to have way more glass and resin then what was needed until builders perfected the layup process.
Sometimes the older weight data of boats were not accurate as they did not typically use load cells to measure real weight. Travel lift weights can be notoriously inaccurate if they haven't been recently calibrated or you do not factor in the angle of the lifting slings.
Here is a good synopsis of the 42 Post: http://www.boatus.com/boatreviews/power/post42.asp The 2nd generation 42 started in 1997 is 10" longer and has a draft of 4', which is 1' deeper than the 1st generation 42 which was built from 1974 - 1983. That deeper draft explains the weight difference, it is not a frp construction issue or different engines, it was just designed to displace more water. In short, the 2nd generation has been designed with more volume, has a 1' deeper draft, and therefore weighs more.
You seem to be extremely knowledgeable with the construction of post did you work for a post at sometime ?
No I did not work at Post, although our family had one of the few 46 Post’s out on the West Coast and got the first hand Post owner experience for about 7 years. Another comment on the 42 old vs new. The older 42 had a longer cockpit, but the new 42 was a foot wide at the transom.